Contraception is used to prevent pregnancy, improve periods, and more. With so many birth control options available, it can be challenging to figure out which method is best for you. In this blog, we will explore IUDs as a method of contraception and how they work to prevent pregnancy.
What is an IUD?
An IUD, which stands for intrauterine device, is a small, flexible, t-shaped device placed in your uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are one of the most effective methods of birth control offering protection for 3 to 12 years. There are two types of IUDs: hormonal and copper.
Hormonal IUDs
Hormonal IUDs use a hormone called progestin, which is very similar to progesterone that our bodies make naturally, to prevent pregnancy. The small amounts of hormones released into your body prevent pregnancy by thickening the mucus in the cervix, helping to block and trap sperm. Sometimes the hormones may stop ovulation altogether.
There are 4 brands of hormonal IUDs approved by the FDA in the United States:
- Mirena, which was the first to become available, prevents pregnancy for up to 8 years
- Kyleena, which prevents pregnancy for up to 5 years
- Liletta, which prevents pregnancy for up to 8 years
- Skyla, which prevents pregnancy for up to 3 years
Hormonal IUDs can reduce cramps and can make your period lighter, Other side effects, which typically go away within 3-6 months, may include:
- Pain when your IUD is put in
- Cramping and/or backaches a few days after your IUD is put in
- Spotting between periods
- Irregular periods
If you have any concerns about your IUD and the side effects you may be experiencing, don’t hesitate to reach out to your provider.
Copper IUDs
Copper IUDs do not contain hormones. Instead, they are wrapped in a copper coil to prevent pregnancy. Sperm do not like copper, and therefore they avoid the IUD making it nearly impossible for them to get to the egg.
ParaGard is the only brand of copper IUD available in the United States and can prevent pregnancy for up to 12 years.
Because the copper IUD doesn’t use hormones, you won’t have to worry about many of the usual side effects of hormonal birth control methods. ParaGard side effects are more common within the first 3-6 months and typically get better over time. They may include:
- Pain when your IUD is put in
- Cramping and/or backaches a few days after your IUD is put in
- Irregular periods
- Spotting between periods
- Heavier or longer periods
- More or worse cramping during your periods
Are IUDs permanent?
Although IUDs provide protection for a number of years, they’re not permanent. If you decide you don’t want it anymore, your provider can remove it quickly and easily. When your IUD is removed, you may experience spotting or light bleeding for a little while but otherwise should feel normal. Your period may take a few months to return to how it was before having your IUD placed. It is also important to note that you can get pregnant immediately after your IUD is removed.
IUDs can also be used as emergency contraception. If you get the ParaGard, Mirena, or Liletta IUD placed up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex, it is 99% effective in preventing accidental pregnancy. Then, you can leave it in as a regular form of birth control or have it removed.
To learn more about IUDs and other birth control methods offered at Essex County OB/GYN or to get an IUD placed, contact us today.